enzymes

A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain.

Occurrence

Proteases occur naturally in all organisms. These enzymes are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions from simple digestion of food proteins to highly-regulated cascades (e.g., the blood-clotting cascade, the complement system, apoptosis pathways, and the invertebrate prophenoloxidase-activating cascade). Peptidases can either break specific peptide bonds (limited proteolysis), depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or break down a complete peptide to amino acids (unlimited proteolysis). The activity can be a destructive change, abolishing a protein's function or digesting it to its principal components; it can be an activation of a function, or it can be a signal in a signaling pathway.

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to break down dietary starch into di- and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. As diastase, amylase was the first enzyme to be discovered and isolated (by Anselme Payen in 1833). Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Uses

Cellulase refers to a class of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze the cellulolysis (or hydrolysis) of cellulose. However, there are also cellulases produced by other types of organisms such as plants and animals. Several different kinds of cellulases are known, which differ structurally and mechanistically. The EC number for this group of enzymes is EC 3.2.1.

Reaction: Hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.

Pectinase is a general term for enzymes that break down pectin, a polysaccharide substrate that is found in the cell walls of plants. One of the most studied and widely used commercial pectinases is polygalacturonase. It is useful because pectin is the jelly-like matrix which helps cement plant cells together and in which other cell wall components, such as cellulose fibrils, are embedded. Therefore pectinase enzymes are commonly used in processes involving the degradation of plant materials, such as speeding up the extraction of fruit juice from fruit, including apples and sapota. Pectinases have also been used in wine production since the 1960s.

A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in water–insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases.

Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g. triglycerides, fats, oils) in most- if not all- living organisms. Genes encoding lipases are even present in certain viruses.

Function

Most lipases act at a specific position on the glycerol backbone of lipid substrate (A1, A2 or A3).

In the example of human pancreatic lipase (HPL), which is the main enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in the human digestive system, a lipase acts to convert triglyceride substrates found in oils from food to monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

Myriad of other lipase activities exist in nature, especially when the phospholipases and sphingomyelinases are considered.

Structure

The biodegradability process is effective at reducing the buildup in pipes, it helps to reduce solids in the septic tank and soil absorption area, plus reduces grease buildup in grease traps. Many harsh chemicals will kill off the biological activity within your systems. Kitchen cleaners, floor cleaners, dish soaps, laundry detergents, and hand soaps all do damage to the biological environment within drains, grease traps, and septic systems. Other materials can cause a kill off of biological activities including chlorine bleaches, anti-biotic drugs, and chemical drain openers. That is why it is recommended to replace these natural enzymes and bacteria on a regular basis to keep the biological activity strong within your system. Each conveniently packaged treatment contains enzymes and billions of bacteria which go to work immediately to restore the biological activity!

Yes. Natural Air regenerates the cleansing agents of Mother Nature to dramatically reduce the amount of particles such as pet dander suspended in the air.

Actually, most people are not bothered by cat dander itself, but by the enzymes contained in the aerosolized saliva produced by cats grooming themselves. The enzyme attaches itself to the dander which, when inhaled, irritates the lungs. Natural Air's process removes dander from the "breathing zone."

Note: The "sparklies" you see in a beam of sunlight streaming through the window are not just dust and pet dander, but also particles of skin that all humans constantly shed. Just as it does with pet dander and smoke, Natural Air's process dramatically reduces the amount of this suspended pollution.